Schrödinger’s Open Carry in Arkansas

Before I get into the meat of Act 746 of Arkansas’s 89th General Assembly (on which both Clayton Cramer and Sebastian and Bitter have recently written), let me congratulate Illinois on its actual passage–over the governor’s vet0–of a shall-issue concealed carry licensing scheme. Welcome to the club!

Now, here in Arkansas, much hullabaloo has been made over Act 746, which went into effect on July 1st. That act changed the language in Arkansas’s law regarding the offense of carrying a weapon (Ark. Code Ann. § 5-73-120), and in the law governing possession of handguns on school property (Ark. Code Ann. § 5-73-119).

The main issue is with § 5-73-120, which previously read:

(a) A person commits the offense of carrying a weapon if he or she possesses a handgun, knife, or club on or about his or her person, in a vehicle occupied by him or her, or otherwise readily available for use with a purpose to employ the handgun, knife, or club as a weapon against a person.

(b) As used in this section:

(1) “Club” means . . . ;

(2) “Handgun” means . . . ; and

(3)(A) “Knife” means . . . .

(B) “Knife” includes . . . .

(c) It is a defense to a prosecution under this section that at the time of the act of carrying a weapon:

. . .

(4) The person is carrying a weapon when upon a journey, unless the journey is through a commercial airport when presenting at the security checkpoint in the airport or is in the person’s checked baggage and is not a lawfully declared weapon; . . .

Note that though this section provided the “journey” defense, subsection (b) did not actually define what qualified as a journey.

As of July 1st, the statute, as amended by Act 746, now reads:

(a) A person commits the offense of carrying a weapon if he or she possesses a handgun, knife, or club on or about his or her person, in a vehicle occupied by him or her, or otherwise readily available for use with a purpose to attempt to unlawfully employ the handgun, knife, or club as a weapon against a person.

. . .

(b) As used in this section:

. . .

(3) “Journey” means travel beyond the county in which a person lives; and

. . .

(c) It is permissible to carry a handgun under this section that if at the time of the act of carrying a weapon:

. . .

(4) The person is carrying a weapon when upon a journey, unless the journey is through a commercial airport when presenting at the security checkpoint in the airport or is in the person’s checked baggage and is not a lawfully declared weapon; . . . [emphasis added]

So, the amended statute now defines journey, changes defenses to carrying a weapon to when it is permissible to carry a weapon, and adds what appears to be a mens rea element to the offense itself–the person’s purpose must be to unlawfully employ the handgun.

The situation is further muddled by AG Dustin McDaniel’s official opinion on the new journey provision of § 5-73-120, delivered in response to a state senator’s request for clarification of the meaning of the journey provision. McDaniel is very careful in his opinion to limit it to the meaning of this provision–in footnote 7, he states:

The act defines as one element of a possession offense under subsection 5-73-120(a) having “a purpose to attempt to unlawfully employ the handgun, knife, or club as a weapon against a person.” Acts 2013, No. 746, § 2 (new language underlined). Although one might debate the significance, if any, of this change in terminology, it is clearly immaterial to your question.

Because the state senator only asked about the journey provision, McDaniel dodged the more material question of whether the changes to § 5-73-120(a) by themselves decriminalize open carry in Arkansas.

I will remind you, gentle reader, that I am a law student–not a lawyer–and nothing in this post is offered as legal advice.

That disclaimer out of the way, I will say that I don’t plan on being the test case.

I’m of mixed feelings about the 7th Cir.’s holding in Moore v. Madigan

One the one hand, anti-gun wailing and gnashing of teeth is like music to my ears (the decision is here). Though gun control’s not quite dead, it’s definitely on life support.

On the other hand, this has thrown a wrench into a certain project I’ve left undescribed (see fn 1). Between this case, the 2d Cir.’s holding in Kachalsky, and whatever the 9th Cir. holds in Richards v. Prieto (assuming it’s decided next semester-ish), I’m going to have to rework substantial sections.

On the gripping hand, my project not only turned out to be timely, but by the time it’s done, it may even be on a circuit split!

And with that said, those astute readers of mine will likely have deduced the general subject of my law review article.

Now, back to studying. One more exam to go, and then this semester will be officially over.

It may have taken me longer than most to get around to it…

But I did manage to doff my hat to Starbucks today (and leave a Jefferson in the tip jar).

When you’re fighting against people on the wrong side of history, every little bit helps!

It doesn’t hurt that they’re completely divorced from reality, either.

On the other hand, I paid cash for my coffee.

Now the fuzz has another reason to put me on a list.

More on Kim Hammer and Open Carry

In the Examiner.

From the responses to the NRA questionnaire, it looks like Hammer is trying to have it both ways; sometimes he’s pro gun, and some times he’s pro gun control.

Judging from his actions in the Arkansas judiciary committee, it’s more likely that he’s an anti-gunner that was merely campaigning as pro gun.

Hopefully he’ll get his act together and get on the right side of the issue; if he doesn’t, he’ll just have to be replaced.

No Open Carry Yet

The bill was killed in committee. Looks like the state police, North Little Rock PD, and sheriff’s association were all against it.

The ‘do not pass’ motion was made by Kim Hammer (R), who according to his campaign website is ostensibly pro-gun.

If I were cynical, I would say that they rescheduled the committee meeting from Tuesday to today so that people wouldn’t be able to show their support; with record-setting snowfall in parts of the state yesterday, making the trip to Little Rock would have been quite a chore.

Tennessee and Mississipi have open carry without any issues; does crossing the Mississippi River magically make people unable to responsibly carry a firearm unless it’s concealed?

Open carry in Arkansas?

While concealed carry in Arkansas is legal (with permission slips from the state), open carry is not.

Tomorrow, the state legislature’s judicial committee is scheduled to hear a bill that would remedy that.

Let your reps know that you’re in favor of open carry!